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本文介紹如何使用Terraform創(chuàng)建和刪除RDS PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及修改或添加數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備注信息。

說(shuō)明

本教程所含示例代碼支持一鍵運(yùn)行，您可以直接運(yùn)行代碼。一鍵運(yùn)行

前提條件

已創(chuàng)建RDS PostgreSQL實(shí)例，詳情請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)創(chuàng)建RDS PostgreSQL實(shí)例。
實(shí)例狀態(tài)為運(yùn)行中，您可以通過(guò)如下兩種方式查看：
- 參見(jiàn)查詢實(shí)例詳情查看參數(shù)status，如果取值為Runing則表示實(shí)例狀態(tài)為運(yùn)行中。
- 前往RDS管理控制臺(tái)，切換到目標(biāo)地域，找到指定實(shí)例后，查看實(shí)例狀態(tài)。
由于阿里云賬號(hào)（主賬號(hào)）具有資源的所有權(quán)限，一旦發(fā)生泄露將面臨重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。建議您使用RAM用戶，并為該RAM用戶創(chuàng)建AccessKey，具體操作方式請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)創(chuàng)建RAM用戶和創(chuàng)建AccessKey。

通過(guò)RAM授權(quán)，RAM用戶可以有效地管理其云資源訪問(wèn)權(quán)限，適應(yīng)多用戶協(xié)同工作的需求，并且能夠按需為用戶分配最小權(quán)限，避免權(quán)限過(guò)大導(dǎo)致的安全漏洞。具體操作方式請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)為RAM用戶授權(quán)。

{
    "Version": "1",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "vpc:DescribeVpcAttribute",
                "vpc:DescribeRouteTableList",
                "vpc:DescribeVSwitchAttributes",
                "vpc:DeleteVpc",
                "vpc:DeleteVSwitch",
                "vpc:CreateVpc",
                "vpc:CreateVSwitch"
            ],
            "Resource": "*"
        },
        {
            "Action": "rds:*",
            "Resource": "*",
            "Effect": "Allow"
        },
        {
            "Action": "dbs:*",
            "Resource": "acs:rds:*:*:*",
            "Effect": "Allow"
        },
        {
            "Action": "hdm:*",
            "Resource": "acs:rds:*:*:*",
            "Effect": "Allow"
        },
        {
            "Action": "dms:LoginDatabase",
            "Resource": "acs:rds:*:*:*",
            "Effect": "Allow"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "ram:CreateServiceLinkedRole",
            "Resource": "*",
            "Condition": {
                "StringEquals": {
                    "ram:ServiceName": [
                        "backupencryption.rds.aliyuncs.com"
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "bss:ModifyAgreementRecord",
            "Resource": "*"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "bss:DescribeOrderList",
                "bss:DescribeOrderDetail",
                "bss:PayOrder",
                "bss:CancelOrder"
            ],
            "Resource": "*"
        }
    ]
}

準(zhǔn)備Terraform運(yùn)行環(huán)境，您可以選擇以下任一方式來(lái)使用Terraform。
- 在Terraform Explorer中使用Terraform：阿里云提供了Terraform的在線運(yùn)行環(huán)境，您無(wú)需安裝Terraform，登錄后即可在線使用和體驗(yàn)Terraform。適用于零成本、快速、便捷地體驗(yàn)和調(diào)試Terraform的場(chǎng)景。
- Cloud Shell：阿里云Cloud Shell中預(yù)裝了Terraform的組件，并已配置好身份憑證，您可直接在Cloud Shell中運(yùn)行Terraform的命令。適用于低成本、快速、便捷地訪問(wèn)和使用Terraform的場(chǎng)景。
- 在本地安裝和配置Terraform：適用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接較差或需要自定義開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境的場(chǎng)景。

使用的資源

說(shuō)明

本教程示例包含的部分資源會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定費(fèi)用，請(qǐng)?jiān)诓恍枰獣r(shí)及時(shí)進(jìn)行釋放或退訂。

alicloud_db_database：創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
alicloud_vpc：創(chuàng)建專有網(wǎng)絡(luò)VPC。
alicloud_vswitch：創(chuàng)建專有網(wǎng)絡(luò)交換機(jī)。
alicloud_db_instance：創(chuàng)建RDS PostgreSQL實(shí)例。

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

以創(chuàng)建名為tf_database_test的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為例。

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)工作目錄，并在該工作目錄中創(chuàng)建名為main.tf的配置文件，然后將以下代碼復(fù)制到main.tf中。

創(chuàng)建前置資源。

variable "region" {
  default = "cn-heyuan"
}

provider "alicloud" {
  region = var.region
}

variable "zone_id" {
  default = "cn-heyuan-b"
}

variable "instance_type" {
  default = "pg.n2.2c.2m"
}

# 創(chuàng)建VPC
resource "alicloud_vpc" "main" {
  vpc_name   = "alicloud"
  cidr_block = "172.16.0.0/16"
}

# 創(chuàng)建交換機(jī)
resource "alicloud_vswitch" "main" {
  vpc_id     = alicloud_vpc.main.id
  cidr_block = "172.16.192.0/20"
  zone_id    = var.zone_id
}

# 創(chuàng)建RDS PostgreSQL實(shí)例
resource "alicloud_db_instance" "instance" {
  engine               = "PostgreSQL"
  engine_version       = "13.0"
  instance_type        = var.instance_type
  instance_storage     = "30"
  instance_charge_type = "Postpaid"
  vswitch_id           = alicloud_vswitch.main.id
}

在main.tf文件中增加resource "alicloud_db_instance" "instance" {}配置項(xiàng)。

...
resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
  instance_id = alicloud_db_instance.instance.id
  name        = "tf_database_test"
}

執(zhí)行以下命令，初始化Terraform運(yùn)行環(huán)境。

terraform init

返回如下信息，表示Terraform初始化成功。

Initializing the backend...

Initializing provider plugins...
- Checking for available provider plugins...
- Downloading plugin for provider "alicloud" (hashicorp/alicloud) 1.90.1...
...

You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.

If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.

創(chuàng)建執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，并預(yù)覽變更。
```
terraform plan
```
執(zhí)行以下命令，創(chuàng)建資源。
```
terraform apply
```
在執(zhí)行過(guò)程中，根據(jù)提示輸入yes并按下Enter鍵，等待命令執(zhí)行完成，若出現(xiàn)以下信息，則表示運(yùn)行成功。
```
alicloud_db_database.db: Creating...
alicloud_db_database.db: Creation complete after 1s [id=pgm-****:tf_database_test]

Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.
```

驗(yàn)證結(jié)果。

執(zhí)行terraform show命令

您可以使用以下命令查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息：

terraform show

# alicloud_db_database.db:
resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
    character_set = "UTF8"
    id            = "pgm-****:tf_database_test"
    instance_id   = "pgm-****"
    name          = "tf_database_test"
}
# alicloud_db_instance.instance:
resource "alicloud_db_instance" "instance" {
    client_ca_enabled          = 0
    client_crl_enabled         = 0
    connection_string          = "pgm-****.pg.rds.aliyuncs.com"
    connection_string_prefix   = "pgm-****"
    db_instance_storage_type   = "cloud_essd"
    db_time_zone               = "Asia/Shanghai"
    deletion_protection        = false
    engine                     = "PostgreSQL"
    engine_version             = "13.0"
    force_restart              = false
    ha_config                  = "Auto"
    id                         = "pgm-****"
    instance_charge_type       = "Postpaid"
    instance_name              = "terraformtest"
    instance_storage           = 50
    instance_type              = "pg.n2.2c.2m"
    maintain_time              = "05:00Z-06:00Z"
    monitoring_period          = 300
    period                     = 0
    port                       = "5432"
    private_ip_address         = "172.16.XX.XX"
    resource_group_id          = "rg-****"
    security_group_ids         = []
    security_ip_mode           = "normal"
    security_ips               = [
        "127.0.0.1",
    ]
    sql_collector_config_value = 30
    sql_collector_status       = "Disabled"
    storage_auto_scale         = "Enable"
    storage_threshold          = 30
    storage_upper_bound        = 100
    target_minor_version       = "rds_postgres_1300_20220730"
    tcp_connection_type        = "SHORT"
    vpc_id                     = "vpc-****"
    vswitch_id                 = "vsw-****"
    zone_id                    = "cn-hangzhou-j"
}

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息。創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

修改或添加數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備注

以添加tf_database_test數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的備注信息為terraform_test為例。

在上述main.tf文件的resource "alicloud_db_database" "db"中，增加description配置項(xiàng)，具體配置如下。
```
...
resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
...
  description = "terraform_test"
}
```

運(yùn)行terraform apply。

出現(xiàn)如下配置信息后，確認(rèn)配置信息并輸入yes，開(kāi)始添加配置。

alicloud_vpc.main: Refreshing state... [id=vpc-****]
alicloud_vswitch.main: Refreshing state... [id=vsw-****]
alicloud_db_instance.instance: Refreshing state... [id=pgm-****]
alicloud_db_database.db: Refreshing state... [id=pgm-****:tf_database_test]

Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the
following symbols:
-/+ destroy and then create replacement

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # alicloud_db_database.db must be replaced
-/+ resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
      ~ character_set = "UTF8" -> "utf8" # forces replacement
      + description   = "terraform_test"
      ~ id            = "pgm-****:tf_database_test" -> (known after apply)
        name          = "tf_database_test"
        # (1 unchanged attribute hidden)
    }

Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 1 to destroy.

Do you want to perform these actions?
  Terraform will perform the actions described above.
  Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve. 

  Enter a value:

出現(xiàn)類似如下日志時(shí)，表示配置成功。

alicloud_db_database.db: Destroying... [id=pgm-****:tf_database_test]
alicloud_db_database.db: Destruction complete after 1s
alicloud_db_database.db: Creating...
alicloud_db_database.db: Creation complete after 1s [id=pgm-****:tf_database_test]

Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 1 destroyed.

查看結(jié)果。

執(zhí)行terraform show命令

您可以使用以下命令查看結(jié)果：

terraform show

# alicloud_db_database.db:
resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
    character_set = "UTF8"
    description   = "terraform_test"
    id            = "pgm-****:tf_database_test"
    instance_id   = "pgm-****"
    name          = "tf_database_test"
}
# alicloud_db_instance.instance:
resource "alicloud_db_instance" "instance" {
    client_ca_enabled          = 0
    client_crl_enabled         = 0
    connection_string          = "pgm-****.pg.rds.aliyuncs.com"
    connection_string_prefix   = "pgm-****"
    db_instance_storage_type   = "cloud_essd"
    db_time_zone               = "Asia/Shanghai"
    deletion_protection        = false
    engine                     = "PostgreSQL"
    engine_version             = "13.0"
    force_restart              = false
    ha_config                  = "Auto"
    id                         = "pgm-****"
    instance_charge_type       = "Postpaid"
    instance_name              = "terraformtest"
    instance_storage           = 50
    instance_type              = "pg.n2.2c.2m"
    maintain_time              = "05:00Z-06:00Z"
    monitoring_period          = 300
    period                     = 0
    port                       = "5432"
    private_ip_address         = "172.16.XX.XX"
    resource_group_id          = "rg-****"
    security_group_ids         = []
    security_ip_mode           = "normal"
    security_ips               = [
        "127.0.0.1",
    ]
    sql_collector_config_value = 30
    sql_collector_status       = "Disabled"
    storage_auto_scale         = "Enable"
    storage_threshold          = 30
    storage_upper_bound        = 100
    target_minor_version       = "rds_postgres_1300_20220730"
    tcp_connection_type        = "SHORT"
    vpc_id                     = "vpc-****"
    vswitch_id                 = "vsw-****"
    zone_id                    = "cn-hangzhou-j"
}

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)查看結(jié)果。備注信息

刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

以刪除名為tf_database_test的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為例。

在上述main.tf文件中，刪除resource "alicloud_db_database" "db"配置項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。例如，刪除如下信息：

...
resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
  instance_id = alicloud_db_instance.instance.id
  name        = "tf_database_test"
  description = "terraform_test"
}

運(yùn)行terraform apply。

出現(xiàn)如下配置信息后，確認(rèn)配置信息并輸入yes，開(kāi)始刪除。

alicloud_db_database.db: Refreshing state... [id=pgm-****:tf_database_test]
alicloud_vpc.main: Refreshing state... [id=vpc-****]
alicloud_vswitch.main: Refreshing state... [id=vsw-****]
alicloud_db_instance.instance: Refreshing state... [id=pgm-****]

Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the
following symbols:
  - destroy

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # alicloud_db_database.db will be destroyed
  # (because alicloud_db_database.db is not in configuration)
  - resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
      - character_set = "UTF8" -> null
      - description   = "terraform_test" -> null
      - id            = "pgm-****:tf_database_test" -> null
      - instance_id   = "pgm-****" -> null
      - name          = "tf_database_test" -> null
    }

Plan: 0 to add, 0 to change, 1 to destroy.

Do you want to perform these actions?
  Terraform will perform the actions described above.
  Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.

  Enter a value:

出現(xiàn)類似如下日志時(shí)，表示刪除成功。

alicloud_db_database.db: Destroying... [id=pgm-****:tf_database_test]
alicloud_db_database.db: Destruction complete after 1s

Apply complete! Resources: 0 added, 0 changed, 1 destroyed.

查看結(jié)果。

執(zhí)行terraform show命令

您可以使用以下命令確認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已刪除。

terraform show

# alicloud_db_instance.instance:
resource "alicloud_db_instance" "instance" {
    client_ca_enabled          = 0
    client_crl_enabled         = 0
    connection_string          = "pgm-****.pg.rds.aliyuncs.com"
    connection_string_prefix   = "pgm-****"
    db_instance_storage_type   = "cloud_essd"
    db_time_zone               = "Asia/Shanghai"
    deletion_protection        = false
    engine                     = "PostgreSQL"
    engine_version             = "13.0"
    force_restart              = false
    ha_config                  = "Auto"
    id                         = "pgm-****"
    instance_charge_type       = "Postpaid"
    instance_name              = "terraformtest"
    instance_storage           = 50
    instance_type              = "pg.n2.2c.2m"
    maintain_time              = "05:00Z-06:00Z"
    monitoring_period          = 300
    period                     = 0
    port                       = "5432"
    private_ip_address         = "172.16.XX.XX"
    resource_group_id          = "rg-****"
    security_group_ids         = []
    security_ip_mode           = "normal"
    security_ips               = [
        "127.0.0.1",
    ]
    sql_collector_config_value = 30
    sql_collector_status       = "Disabled"
    storage_auto_scale         = "Enable"
    storage_threshold          = 30
    storage_upper_bound        = 100
    target_minor_version       = "rds_postgres_1300_20220730"
    tcp_connection_type        = "SHORT"
    vpc_id                     = "vpc-****"
    vswitch_id                 = "vsw-****"
    zone_id                    = "cn-hangzhou-j"
}

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已刪除空數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

清理資源

當(dāng)您不再需要上述通過(guò)Terraform創(chuàng)建或管理的資源時(shí)，請(qǐng)運(yùn)行以下命令以釋放資源。關(guān)于terraform destroy的更多信息，請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)Terraform常用命令。

terraform destroy

完整示例

說(shuō)明

當(dāng)前示例代碼支持一鍵運(yùn)行，您可以直接運(yùn)行代碼。一鍵運(yùn)行

示例代碼

variable "region" {
  default = "cn-heyuan"
}

provider "alicloud" {
  region = var.region
}

variable "zone_id" {
  default = "cn-heyuan-b"
}

variable "instance_type" {
  default = "pg.n2.2c.2m"
}

# 創(chuàng)建VPC
resource "alicloud_vpc" "main" {
  vpc_name   = "alicloud"
  cidr_block = "172.16.0.0/16"
}

# 創(chuàng)建交換機(jī)
resource "alicloud_vswitch" "main" {
  vpc_id     = alicloud_vpc.main.id
  cidr_block = "172.16.192.0/20"
  zone_id    = var.zone_id
}

# 創(chuàng)建RDS PostgreSQL實(shí)例
resource "alicloud_db_instance" "instance" {
  engine               = "PostgreSQL"
  engine_version       = "13.0"
  instance_type        = var.instance_type
  instance_storage     = "30"
  instance_charge_type = "Postpaid"
  vswitch_id           = alicloud_vswitch.main.id
  # 如果不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建VPC和交換機(jī)，使用已有的VPC和交換機(jī)
  # vswitch_id       = "vsw-****"
  # 創(chuàng)建多個(gè)配置相同的RDS PostgreSQL實(shí)例，x為需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建的實(shí)例數(shù)量
  #count = x
}

resource "alicloud_db_database" "db" {
  instance_id = alicloud_db_instance.instance.id
  name        = "tf_database_test"
  # 修改或添加數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備注
  description = "terraform_test"
}

如果您想體驗(yàn)更多完整示例，請(qǐng)前往更多完整示例中對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的文件夾查看。

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通過(guò) Terraform 管理 RDS PostgreSQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

前提條件

使用的資源

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

執(zhí)行terraform show命令

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)

修改或添加數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備注

執(zhí)行terraform show命令

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)

刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

執(zhí)行terraform show命令

登錄RDS管理控制臺(tái)

清理資源

完整示例

示例代碼