安裝MySQL。

1. 運(yùn)行以下命令，安裝MySQL。

   sudo apt -y install mysql-server

2. 運(yùn)行以下命令，查看MySQL版本。

   mysql -V

   返回結(jié)果類似如下所示，表示MySQL已成功安裝，MySQL的版本為8.0.35。

   

運(yùn)行以下命令，啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)。

sudo systemctl start mysql

配置MySQL。

1. 運(yùn)行以下命令，進(jìn)入MySQL。

   sudo mysql

2. 運(yùn)行以下命令，設(shè)置root用戶密碼。

   ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password by 'mynewpassword';

   本示例中密碼以Mysql@1234為例，示例命令：

   ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password by 'Mysql@1234';

3. 運(yùn)行以下命令，退出MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫。

   exit;

4. 運(yùn)行以下命令，對MySQL進(jìn)行安全性配置。

   sudo mysql_secure_installation

5. 根據(jù)命令行提示，依次完成以下配置項(xiàng)。

   1. 輸入root用戶的密碼。本示例中輸入Mysql@1234。

      ecs-user@iZbp19jsi7s0g7m4zgc****:~# sudo mysql_secure_installation
      
      Securing the MySQL server deployment.
      
      Enter password for user root: 

      說明

      在輸入密碼時(shí)，系統(tǒng)為了最大限度地保證數(shù)據(jù)安全，命令行將不做任何回顯。您只需要輸入正確的密碼信息，然后按Enter鍵即可。

   2. 輸入Y，設(shè)置密碼驗(yàn)證策略。

      VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
      and improve security. It checks the strength of password
      and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
      secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?
      
      Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y

   3. 選擇密碼驗(yàn)證策略。

      本示例輸入2。

      There are three levels of password validation policy:
      
      LOW Length >= 8
      MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
      STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
      
      Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 0

   4. 輸入Y，更改root用戶密碼。

      Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

   5. 輸入root用戶密碼。

      New password:
      
      Re-enter new password:
      
      Estimated strength of the password: 100

   6. 輸入Y，確認(rèn)使用已設(shè)置的密碼。

      Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

   7. 輸入Y，刪除MySQL自帶的匿名用戶。

      By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
      allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
      a user account created for them. This is intended only for
      testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
      You should remove them before moving into a production
      environment.
      
      Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

   8. 輸入Y，禁止MySQL的root用戶的遠(yuǎn)程登錄權(quán)限。

      Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
      'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
      the root password from the network.
      
      Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

   9. 輸入Y，移除test數(shù)據(jù)庫。

      By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
      anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
      and should be removed before moving into a production
      environment.
      
      
      Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : 

   10. 輸入Y，重新加載授權(quán)表。

       Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
       made so far will take effect immediately.
       
       Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

       當(dāng)命令行回顯All done!時(shí)，表示配置完成。

測試登錄MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫。

1. 運(yùn)行以下命令，登錄MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫。

   sudo mysql -uroot -p

2. 在命令行回顯的Enter password:后輸入已設(shè)置的數(shù)據(jù)庫密碼。

   說明

   在輸入密碼時(shí)，系統(tǒng)為了最大限度地保證數(shù)據(jù)安全，命令行將不做任何回顯。您只需要輸入正確的密碼信息，然后按Enter鍵即可。

   成功登錄MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫后，命令行信息如下所示。

   ecs-user@iZbp19jsi7s0g7m4zgc****:~# sudo mysql -uroot -p
   Enter password:
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 15
   Server version: 8.0.29-0ubuntu0.20.04.3 (Ubuntu)
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
   
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
   
   mysql>

3. 運(yùn)行以下命令，退出MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫。

   exit;