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首頁(yè) 可觀測(cè)鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版 操作指南 接入指南 開(kāi)始監(jiān)控C++應(yīng)用 通過(guò)OpenTelemetry上報(bào)C++應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)

通過(guò)OpenTelemetry上報(bào)C++應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)

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通過(guò)OpenTelemetry為應(yīng)用埋點(diǎn)并上報(bào)鏈路數(shù)據(jù)至可觀測(cè)鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版后，可觀測(cè)鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版即可開(kāi)始監(jiān)控應(yīng)用，您可以查看應(yīng)用拓?fù)洹⒄{(diào)用鏈路、異常事務(wù)、慢事務(wù)和SQL分析等一系列監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)。本文介紹如何使用OpenTelemetry為C++應(yīng)用埋點(diǎn)并上報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)。

前提條件

獲取接入點(diǎn)信息

新版控制臺(tái)

  1. 登錄可觀測(cè)鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版控制臺(tái)，在左側(cè)導(dǎo)航欄單擊接入中心。

  2. 在開(kāi)源框架區(qū)域單擊OpenTelemetry卡片。

  3. 在彈出的OpenTelemetry面板中選擇數(shù)據(jù)需要上報(bào)的地域。

    說(shuō)明

    初次接入的地域?qū)?huì)自動(dòng)進(jìn)行資源初始化。

  4. 選擇連接方式和上報(bào)方式，然后復(fù)制接入點(diǎn)信息。

    • 連接方式：若您的服務(wù)部署在阿里云上，且所屬地域與選擇的接入地域一致，推薦使用阿里云內(nèi)網(wǎng)方式，否則選擇公網(wǎng)方式。

    • 上報(bào)方式：根據(jù)客戶端支持的協(xié)議類型選擇HTTP或gRPC協(xié)議上報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)。

    image.png

舊版控制臺(tái)

  1. 登錄可觀測(cè)鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版控制臺(tái)。

  2. 在左側(cè)導(dǎo)航欄單擊集群配置，然后在右側(cè)頁(yè)面單擊接入點(diǎn)信息頁(yè)簽。

  3. 在頁(yè)面頂部選擇需要接入的地域，然后在集群信息區(qū)域打開(kāi)顯示Token開(kāi)關(guān)。

  4. 在客戶端采集工具區(qū)域單擊OpenTelemetry。

    在相關(guān)信息列中，獲取接入點(diǎn)信息。ot舊版中.jpg

    說(shuō)明

    如果應(yīng)用部署于阿里云生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，則選擇阿里云VPC網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入點(diǎn)，否則選擇公網(wǎng)接入點(diǎn)。

示例Demo

示例代碼倉(cāng)庫(kù)地址：opentelemetry-cpp-demo

環(huán)境要求

  • C++版本 ≥ 11

  • 請(qǐng)?jiān)?a class="" >Supported C++ Versions and Development Platforms中查看支持的C++版本和開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)。

步驟一：環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

  1. （可選）運(yùn)行C++鏡像。

    docker pull gcc # 這個(gè)鏡像用的系統(tǒng)是debian
docker run -it --name otel-cpp-demo gcc bash

  2. 安裝必備的依賴。

    • protobuf

    • grpc

    apt-get update
apt-get install sudo

sudo apt-get install git cmake g++ libcurl4-openssl-dev
# 安裝 protobuf
sudo apt-get install protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-dev
# 安裝 grpc
sudo apt-get install -y libgrpc++-dev libgrpc-dev protobuf-compiler-grpc

步驟二：安裝OpenTelemetry C++ Library

git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp

cd opentelemetry-cpp
mkdir build && cd build
cmake -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DWITH_OTLP_GRPC=ON -DWITH_OTLP_HTTP=ON ..

cmake --build . --target all

# 直接安裝到/usr/local（推薦）
cmake --install . 

# 或者安裝到指定路徑
# cmake --install . --prefix /opentelemetry-cpp-lib

步驟三：在項(xiàng)目中使用OpenTelemetry C++ Library

通過(guò)HTTP上報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)

  1. 創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目。

    mkdir otel-http-export-demo
cd otel otel-http-export-demo

  2. 編寫項(xiàng)目CMakeLists.txt文件。

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25.1) #version填cmake的版本，cmake --version
project(otel-http-export-demo) # 括號(hào)里填項(xiàng)目名

add_executable(otel-http-export-demo http_exporter.cc) # 項(xiàng)目名和main文件

find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(protobuf)
find_package(gRPC)
find_package(CURL)
find_package(nlohmann_json)

include_directories("${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_INCLUDE_DIRS}")

target_link_libraries(
    opentelemetry_trace
    opentelemetry_common
    opentelemetry_http_client_curl
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_grpc
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http_client
    opentelemetry_otlp_recordable
    opentelemetry_resources
)

  3. 編寫Demo。

    測(cè)試代碼只包含一個(gè)http_exporter.cc文件。

    請(qǐng)將${ServiceName}替換為您的應(yīng)用名，將${HostName}替換為主機(jī)名。

    // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_options.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/global_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/ostream/span_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/semantic_conventions.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/global_log_handler.h"

#include <string>


namespace trace     = opentelemetry::trace;
namespace trace_sdk = opentelemetry::sdk::trace;
namespace otlp      = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp;
namespace internal_log = opentelemetry::sdk::common::internal_log;
namespace resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource;

namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;

namespace
{
    opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpHttpExporterOptions opts;
    void InitTracer()
    {
        // 創(chuàng)建OTLP exporter
        auto exporter  = otlp::OtlpHttpExporterFactory::Create(opts);
        auto processor = trace_sdk::SimpleSpanProcessorFactory::Create(std::move(exporter));

        resource::ResourceAttributes attributes = {
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kServiceName, "${ServiceName}"}, // 應(yīng)用名
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kHostName, "${HostName}"}
        };
        auto resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource::Resource::Create(attributes);

        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> provider =
                trace_sdk::TracerProviderFactory::Create(std::move(processor), std::move(resource));

        // 設(shè)置Trace provider
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(provider);
    }

    void CleanupTracer()
    {
        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> none;
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(none);
    }

    nostd::shared_ptr<trace::Tracer> get_tracer()
    {
        auto provider = trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
        return provider->GetTracer("library name to trace", OPENTELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION);
    }

    void f1()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f1"));
    }

    void f2()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f2"));

        f1();
        f1();
    }

    void foo_library()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("library"));

        f2();
    }
}  // namespace

/*
  Usage:
  - example_otlp_http
  - example_otlp_http <URL>
  - example_otlp_http <URL> <DEBUG>
  - example_otlp_http <URL> <DEBUG> <BIN>
  <DEBUG> = yes|no, to turn console debug on or off
  <BIN> = bin, to export in binary format
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        opts.url = argv[1];
        if (argc > 2)
        {
            std::string debug  = argv[2];
            opts.console_debug = debug != "" && debug != "0" && debug != "no";
        }

        if (argc > 3)
        {
            std::string binary_mode = argv[3];
            if (binary_mode.size() >= 3 && binary_mode.substr(0, 3) == "bin")
            {
                opts.content_type = otlp::HttpRequestContentType::kBinary;
            }
        }
    }

    if (opts.console_debug)
    {
        internal_log::GlobalLogHandler::SetLogLevel(internal_log::LogLevel::Debug);
    }

    InitTracer();

    foo_library();

    CleanupTracer();
}

  4. 編譯項(xiàng)目。

    mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make

  5. 運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目。

    ./otel-http-export-demo ${http-endpoint}

    請(qǐng)將${http-endpoint}替換為前提條件中獲取的HTTP接入點(diǎn)信息。

    例如：

    ./otel-http-export-demo http://tracing-analysis-dc-hz.aliyuncs.com/adapt_xxxxx_xxxxx/api/otlp/traces

通過(guò)gRPC上報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)

  1. 創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目。

    mkdir otel-grpc-export-demo
cd otel otel-grpc-export-demo

  2. 編寫項(xiàng)目CMakeLists.txt文件。

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25.1) #version填cmake的版本，cmake --version
project(otel-grpc-export-demo) # 括號(hào)里填項(xiàng)目名

add_executable(otel-grpc-export-demo grpc_exporter.cc) # 項(xiàng)目名和main文件

find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(protobuf)
find_package(gRPC)
find_package(CURL)
find_package(nlohmann_json)

include_directories("${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_INCLUDE_DIRS}")

target_link_libraries(
    otel-grpc-export-demo ${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_LIBRARIES}
    opentelemetry_trace
    opentelemetry_common
    opentelemetry_http_client_curl
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_grpc
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http_client
    opentelemetry_otlp_recordable
    opentelemetry_resources
)

  3. 編寫Demo。

    測(cè)試代碼只包含一個(gè)grpc_exporter.cc文件。

    請(qǐng)將${ServiceName}替換為您的應(yīng)用名，將${HostName}替換為主機(jī)名。

    // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_options.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/global_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/ostream/span_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/semantic_conventions.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/global_log_handler.h"

#include <string>


namespace trace     = opentelemetry::trace;
namespace trace_sdk = opentelemetry::sdk::trace;
namespace otlp      = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp;
namespace internal_log = opentelemetry::sdk::common::internal_log;
namespace resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource;

namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;

namespace
{
    opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterOptions opts;
    void InitTracer()
    {
        // 創(chuàng)建OTLP exporter
        auto exporter  = otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterFactory::Create(opts);
        auto processor = trace_sdk::SimpleSpanProcessorFactory::Create(std::move(exporter));

        resource::ResourceAttributes attributes = {
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kServiceName, "${ServiceName} "}, // 應(yīng)用名
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kHostName, "${HostName}"}
        };
        auto resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource::Resource::Create(attributes);

        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> provider =
                trace_sdk::TracerProviderFactory::Create(std::move(processor), std::move(resource));

        // 設(shè)置Trace provider
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(provider);
    }

    void CleanupTracer()
    {
        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> none;
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(none);
    }

    nostd::shared_ptr<trace::Tracer> get_tracer()
    {
        auto provider = trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
        return provider->GetTracer("library name to trace", OPENTELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION);
    }

    void f1()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f1"));
    }

    void f2()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f2"));

        f1();
        f1();
    }

    void foo_library()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("library"));

        f2();
    }
}  // namespace

/*
  Usage:
  - example_otlp_grpc
  - example_otlp_grpc <URL> <TOKEN>
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        opts.endpoint = argv[1];
        if (argc > 2)
        {
            opts.metadata.insert(std::pair<std::string, std::string>("authentication",argv[2]));
        }

        if (argc > 3)
        {
            opts.use_ssl_credentials         = true;
            opts.ssl_credentials_cacert_path = argv[3];
        }
    }

    InitTracer();

    foo_library();

    CleanupTracer();
}

  4. 編譯項(xiàng)目。

    mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make

  5. 運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目。

    ./otel-grpc-export-demo ${gRPC-endpoint} ${token}

    請(qǐng)將${gRPC-endpoint}和${token}替換為前提條件中獲取的gRPC接入點(diǎn)和鑒權(quán)Token。

    例如：

    ./otel-grpc-export-demo http://tracing-analysis-dc-hz.aliyuncs.com:8090 xxxxx_xxxxxx

常見(jiàn)報(bào)錯(cuò)

運(yùn)行后提示：

./otel-grpc-export-demo: error while loading shared libraries: libopentelemetry_proto_grpc.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

執(zhí)行以下命令修改環(huán)境變量。

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib/

/usr/local/lib是opentelemetry-cpp安裝的地址。

查看監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)

在可觀測(cè)鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版控制臺(tái)的應(yīng)用列表頁(yè)面選擇目標(biāo)應(yīng)用，查看鏈路數(shù)據(jù)。