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云數(shù)據(jù)庫ClickHouse集群空間使用率是日常運(yùn)維中重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的監(jiān)控項(xiàng)之一。集群存儲空間的不足可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果，例如數(shù)據(jù)無法寫入、無法備份，以及存儲空間擴(kuò)容任務(wù)耗時(shí)過長等。本文介紹如何通過SQL語句查看云數(shù)據(jù)庫ClickHouse集群的磁盤空間使用情況。

示例環(huán)境

以下示例以s-2-r-0節(jié)點(diǎn)為基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境，在實(shí)際使用過程中，請根據(jù)您的場景修改對應(yīng)參數(shù)。如果您不知道如何獲取節(jié)點(diǎn)名稱，可以通過以下方式獲取。

通過控制臺：您可以在集群監(jiān)控頁面，獲取節(jié)點(diǎn)名稱。如何進(jìn)入集群監(jiān)控頁面，請參見查看集群監(jiān)控信息。
通過SQL語句：您可以執(zhí)行以下語句，獲取集群所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的名稱。
```
SELECT * FROM system.clusters;
```

查看表占用磁盤空間大小

通過查看表數(shù)據(jù)大小，可以識別表占用磁盤空間的大小，從而為您優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)庫性能以及合理規(guī)劃存儲資源提供有效分析依據(jù)。

查看表數(shù)據(jù)詳情

查看s-2-r-0節(jié)點(diǎn)下每個(gè)表活躍數(shù)據(jù)的情況。

SELECT
    `database`,
    table,
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_compressed_bytes) AS size) AS compressed, --壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_uncompressed_bytes) AS usize) AS uncompressed, --未壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    round(usize / size, 2) AS compr_rate, --壓縮率
    sum(rows) AS rows, --總行數(shù)
    count() AS part_count --part數(shù)量
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts)
WHERE (active = 1) AND (table LIKE '%') AND (`database` LIKE '%') 
AND substring(hostname(),38,8) = 's-2-r-0'
GROUP BY
    `database`,
    table
ORDER BY size DESC;

查看副本表數(shù)據(jù)詳情

查看每個(gè)副本中的表數(shù)據(jù)。

SELECT
    hostname() AS h,
   `database` ,
    table,
    count(*) AS data_part_cnt, --數(shù)據(jù)部分總量
    sum(rows) AS total_rows, --總行數(shù)
    formatReadableSize(sum(bytes_on_disk)) AS total_compressed_bytes, --壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    sum(data_uncompressed_bytes) AS total_uncompressed_bytes  --未壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts) 
WHERE active = 1
GROUP BY h, `database`, table
ORDER BY total_rows DESC;

查看表占用磁盤空間排行

查看集群中占用磁盤空間排名前十的表。

SELECT
    `database`,
    table,
    sum(bytes_on_disk) AS bytes_on_disk
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts)
WHERE active AND (`database` != 'system')
GROUP BY
    `database`,
    table
ORDER BY bytes_on_disk DESC
LIMIT 10;

查看表各列的存儲信息

查詢模板

SELECT
    `database`,
    table,
    column,
    formatReadableSize(sum(column_data_compressed_bytes) AS size) AS compressed,
    formatReadableSize(sum(column_data_uncompressed_bytes) AS usize) AS uncompressed,
    round(usize / size, 2) AS compr_rate,
    sum(rows) rows_cnt,
    round(sum(column_data_uncompressed_bytes)/sum(rows) ,2) avg_row_size
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts_columns) 
WHERE (active = <active_type>) AND (table LIKE '<table_name>')  
   AND substring(hostname(),38,8) = '<node_name>'
GROUP BY
    `database`,
    table,
    column
ORDER BY size DESC;

參數(shù)說明

參數(shù)	說明
table_name	目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)表表名。值為%時(shí)，表示匹配所有表。
node_name	目標(biāo)集群節(jié)點(diǎn)名。
active_type	數(shù)據(jù)是否活躍。 0：不活躍。 1：活躍。

示例

查看s-2-r-0節(jié)點(diǎn)上query_log表中存儲活躍數(shù)據(jù)的列。

SELECT
    `database`,
    table,
    column,
    formatReadableSize(sum(column_data_compressed_bytes) AS size) AS compressed,
    formatReadableSize(sum(column_data_uncompressed_bytes) AS usize) AS uncompressed,
    round(usize / size, 2) AS compr_rate,
    sum(rows) rows_cnt,
    round(sum(column_data_uncompressed_bytes)/sum(rows) ,2) avg_row_size
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts_columns) 
WHERE (active = 1) 
AND (table LIKE 'query_log')  
AND substring(hostname(),38,8) = 's-2-r-0'
GROUP BY
    `database`,
    table,
    column
ORDER BY size DESC;

查看表分區(qū)信息

查詢模板

SELECT 
    partition AS `分區(qū)`,
    sum(rows) AS `總行數(shù)`,
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_uncompressed_bytes)) AS `原始大小`,
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_compressed_bytes)) AS `壓縮大小`,
    round((sum(data_compressed_bytes) / sum(data_uncompressed_bytes)) * 100, 0) AS `壓縮率`
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts)
WHERE (database IN ('<database_name>')) 
AND (table IN ('<table_name>')) 
AND (partition LIKE '<partition_prefix>')
GROUP BY partition
ORDER BY partition ASC

參數(shù)說明

參數(shù)	說明
database_name	數(shù)據(jù)庫名。
table_name	數(shù)據(jù)表表名。
partition_prefix	分區(qū)前綴。

示例

查看default數(shù)據(jù)庫中test表分區(qū)前綴為2019-12-的分區(qū)信息。

SELECT 
    partition AS `分區(qū)`,
    sum(rows) AS `總行數(shù)`,
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_uncompressed_bytes)) AS `原始大小`,
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_compressed_bytes)) AS `壓縮大小`,
    round((sum(data_compressed_bytes) / sum(data_uncompressed_bytes)) * 100, 0) AS `壓縮率`
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts)
WHERE (`database` IN ('default')) 
AND (table IN ('test')) 
AND (partition LIKE '2019-12-%')
GROUP BY partition
ORDER BY partition ASC

查看datapart數(shù)據(jù)的大小

在ClickHouse中，system.part表存儲了datapart的狀態(tài)、大小、創(chuàng)建時(shí)間等信息。您可以通過此表了解datapart的詳細(xì)信息。

查看活躍datapart數(shù)據(jù)的大小

活躍的datapart是表中當(dāng)前被活躍使用的數(shù)據(jù)。了解活躍數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)量大小，可以幫助您識別表的實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)大小，從而識別表占用磁盤空間的大小。

查看s-2-r-0節(jié)點(diǎn)上所有非系統(tǒng)表的活躍數(shù)據(jù)分區(qū)信息。

SELECT 
    `database`, 
    table, 
    count(*) AS data_part_cnt,  --活躍數(shù)據(jù)分區(qū)的數(shù)量
    sum(rows) AS total_rows,  --總行數(shù)
    formatReadableSize(sum(bytes_on_disk)) AS total_compressed_bytes, --磁盤上的總壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    sum(data_uncompressed_bytes) AS total_uncompressed_bytes --未壓縮的總數(shù)據(jù)大小
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts )
WHERE active = 1 AND `database` != 'system' 
AND substring(hostname(),38,8) = 's-2-r-0'
GROUP BY `database`, table 
ORDER BY total_rows DESC;

查看非活躍datapart數(shù)據(jù)大小

非活躍的datapart可能包含過時(shí)或已標(biāo)記為刪除的數(shù)據(jù)。若這些數(shù)據(jù)不再需要，建議及時(shí)清理，以減少磁盤占用。

查看s-2-r-0節(jié)點(diǎn)上所有非系統(tǒng)表的非活躍數(shù)據(jù)分區(qū)信息。

SELECT 
    `database`, 
    table, 
    count(*) AS data_part_cnt, --非活躍數(shù)據(jù)分區(qū)數(shù)量
    sum(rows) AS total_rows,  --總行數(shù)
    formatReadableSize(sum(bytes_on_disk)) AS total_compressed_bytes,  --磁盤上的壓縮數(shù)據(jù)總大小
    sum(data_uncompressed_bytes) AS total_uncompressed_bytes  --未壓縮數(shù)據(jù)總大小
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.parts )
WHERE active = 0 
AND `database` != 'system' 
AND substring(hostname(),38,8) = 's-2-r-0'
GROUP BY `database`, table;

Projection占用磁盤空間大小

Projections是ClickHouse中一種用于優(yōu)化查詢性能的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，其類似于物化視圖，存儲了預(yù)先計(jì)算的聚合或者數(shù)據(jù)變換結(jié)果。了解Projections的大小有助于評估其對磁盤空間的影響。

查看s-2-r-0節(jié)點(diǎn)上test表的Projections占用磁盤空間大小。

SELECT
    database,
    table,
    name,
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_compressed_bytes) AS size) AS compressed, --壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    formatReadableSize(sum(data_uncompressed_bytes) AS usize) AS uncompressed, --未壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    round(usize / size, 2) AS compr_rate, --壓縮比率
    sum(rows) AS rows,  --總行數(shù)
    count() AS part_count  --part總數(shù)
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.projection_parts )
WHERE (table = 'test') 
AND (active = 1) AND substring(hostname(),38,8) = 's-2-r-0'
GROUP BY
    database,
    table,
    name
ORDER BY size DESC;

查看s-2-r-0節(jié)點(diǎn)上test表的每個(gè)Projection列占用磁盤空間大小。

SELECT
    database,
    table,
    column,
    formatReadableSize(sum(column_data_compressed_bytes) AS size) AS compressed, --壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    formatReadableSize(sum(column_data_uncompressed_bytes) AS usize) AS uncompressed, --未壓縮數(shù)據(jù)大小
    round(usize / size, 2) AS compr_rate --壓縮比率
FROM clusterAllReplicas('default', system.projection_parts_columns )
WHERE (active = 1) AND (table LIKE 'test') 
AND substring(hostname(),38,8) = 's-2-r-0'
GROUP BY
    database,
    table,
    column
ORDER BY size DESC;

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磁盤空間分析