TPC-H簡介

以下文字描述引用自TPC Benchmark? H (TPC-H)規范：

“TPC-H是一個決策支持基準，由一套面向業務的臨時查詢和并發數據修改組成。選擇的查詢和填充數據庫的數據具有廣泛的行業相關性。該基準測試說明了決策支持系統可以檢查大量數據，執行高度復雜的查詢，并解答關鍵的業務問題。”

詳情請參見TPCH Specification。

性能測試結果

本次測試基于TPC-H 100GB的數據集，運行該Benchmark下的22條標準測試SQL。本文在開啟自研計算引擎Laser和Greenplum原生計算引擎兩種場景下進行了測試，兩種場景的測試性能結合下圖。通過測試結果可以看到，Laser計算引擎對比原生計算引擎帶來了顯著的性能提升，總執行時間僅原生計算引擎的五分之一左右。

準備工作

• 已注冊阿里云賬號。

• 已創建用于測試的AnalyticDB PostgreSQL版實例。創建實例，請參見創建實例。

  用于測試的AnalyticDB PostgreSQL版實例規格，請參見《AnalyticDB PostgreSQL版實例規格》章節。

• 已創建用于測試的ECS實例。具體操作，請參見創建實例。

  用于測試的ECS實例規格，請參見《ECS實例規格》章節。

• 已開通OSS并創建存儲空間。

• 已將ECS實例的IP地址添加到云原生數據倉庫 AnalyticDB PostgreSQL 版實例的白名單中，操作方式，請參見設置白名單。

• 已在ECS上安裝psql，安裝方式，請參見客戶端連接。

測試環境

生成測試數據

以下內容將指導您生成100 GB測試數據，并將測試數據上傳至OSS。

1. 登錄ECS實例，登錄方式，請參見連接ECS實例。

2. 在ECS上下載并解壓dbqgen.tar。

   本文中數據盤的路徑為/mnt。

   # 下載dbqgen文件。
   wget https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20230821/bclo/dbqgen.tar
   
   # 解壓dbqgen文件
   tar -xvf dbqgen.tar

3. 打開dbqgen文件，修改dbgen_data.sh文件。

   1. 進入dbqgen目錄。

      cd dbqgen

   2. 編輯dbgen_data.sh文件。

      vim dbgen_data.sh

   3. 按i鍵進行編輯，將原文件中的./dbgen -s 450 -S $i -C 192 -f &替換為./dbgen -s 100 -S $i -C 32 -f &。

      說明

      其中-s參數為數據量，單位為GB；-C為文件塊的數量，建議設置為Segment節點數量的整數倍。

   4. 按Esc鍵退出編輯，輸入:wq進行保存。

4. 生成測試數據，生成的測試數據會在dbqgen目錄下。

   sh dbgen_data.sh

5. 將測試數據上傳至OSS。

   如果您是首次使用OSS，建議您查看OSS文檔了解ossutil工具的安裝與使用方法，具體信息，請參見ossutil概述。

   上傳數據至OSS的命令如下：

   ./ossutil64 cp -r <測試數據所在的路徑> <OSS Bucket路徑> --exclude "*.tbl*"

   示例如下：

   ./ossutil64 cp -r /mnt/dbqgen/ oss://adbpg --exclude "*.tbl*"

創建表并導入數據

以下內容將指導您在AnalyticDB PostgreSQL版中創建測試表并將OSS上的測試數據導入測試表中。

1. 使用psql工具連接AnalyticDB PostgreSQL版實例。安裝工具和連接數據庫的方法，請參見客戶端連接。

2. 安裝Fastdecimal插件。

   說明

   如需測試Greenplum原生計算引擎的性能，則無需開啟向量化引擎Laser。

   --創建Fastdecimal Extension。
   CREATE EXTENSION fastdecimal;
   
   --開啟dynamic join filter
   ALTER DATABASE <數據庫名稱> SET adbpg_enable_dynamic_join_filter = on;
   
   --調整查詢可用內存。
   ALTER DATABASE <數據庫名稱> SET statement_mem = '16GB';

3. 創建TPC-H測試表。

   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS NATION;
   CREATE TABLE NATION (
       N_NATIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       N_NAME       CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       N_REGIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       N_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED Replicated
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS REGION;
   CREATE TABLE REGION (
       R_REGIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       R_NAME       CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       R_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED Replicated
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS PART;
   CREATE TABLE PART (
       P_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       P_NAME        VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL,
       P_MFGR        CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       P_BRAND       CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       P_TYPE        VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       P_SIZE        INTEGER NOT NULL,
       P_CONTAINER   CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       P_RETAILPRICE decimal64 NOT NULL,
       P_COMMENT     VARCHAR(23) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (P_PARTKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS SUPPLIER;
   CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER (
       S_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       S_NAME        CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       S_ADDRESS     VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
       S_NATIONKEY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
       S_PHONE       CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       S_ACCTBAL     decimal64 NOT NULL,
       S_COMMENT     VARCHAR(101) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (S_SUPPKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS PARTSUPP;
   CREATE TABLE PARTSUPP (
       PS_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       PS_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       PS_AVAILQTY    INTEGER NOT NULL,
       PS_SUPPLYCOST  decimal64  NOT NULL,
       PS_COMMENT     VARCHAR(199) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (PS_PARTKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS CUSTOMER;
   CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (
       C_CUSTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       C_NAME        VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       C_ADDRESS     VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
       C_NATIONKEY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
       C_PHONE       VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       C_ACCTBAL     decimal64   NOT NULL,
       C_MKTSEGMENT  CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       C_COMMENT     VARCHAR(117) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (C_CUSTKEY)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ORDERS;
   CREATE TABLE ORDERS (
       O_ORDERKEY       BIGINT NOT NULL,
       O_CUSTKEY        INTEGER NOT NULL,
       O_ORDERSTATUS    "char" NOT NULL,
       O_TOTALPRICE     decimal64 NOT NULL,
       O_ORDERDATE      DATE NOT NULL,
       O_ORDERPRIORITY  CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       O_CLERK          CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
       O_SHIPPRIORITY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
       O_COMMENT        VARCHAR(79) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (O_ORDERKEY)
   ORDER BY(O_ORDERDATE)
   ;
   
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS LINEITEM;
   CREATE TABLE LINEITEM (
       L_ORDERKEY    BIGINT NOT NULL,
       L_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       L_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
       L_LINENUMBER  INTEGER NOT NULL,
       L_QUANTITY    decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_EXTENDEDPRICE  decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_DISCOUNT    decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_TAX         decimal64 NOT NULL,
       L_RETURNFLAG  "char" NOT NULL,
       L_LINESTATUS  "char" NOT NULL,
       L_SHIPDATE    DATE NOT NULL,
       L_COMMITDATE  DATE NOT NULL,
       L_RECEIPTDATE DATE NOT NULL,
       L_SHIPINSTRUCT CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
       L_SHIPMODE     CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
       L_COMMENT      VARCHAR(44) NOT NULL
   )
   using beam
   with(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (L_ORDERKEY)
   ORDER BY(L_SHIPDATE)
   ;

4. 創建OSS Foreign Table。OSS Foreign Table用于導入OSS上的測試數據，更多關于OSS Foreign Table的使用方法，請參見OSS Foreign Table功能概覽。

   --創建OSS Server。
   CREATE SERVER oss_serv
   FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER oss_fdw 
   OPTIONS (
     endpoint '<EndPoint>',
     bucket 'Bucket');
   
   --創建User Mapping。
   CREATE USER MAPPING
   FOR PUBLIC SERVER oss_serv 
   OPTIONS (
     id '<AccessKeyID>',
     KEY 'AccessKeySecret');
   
   --創建OSS Foreign Table。
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_nation(
       N_NATIONKEY  INT, 
       N_NAME       VARCHAR(25), 
       N_REGIONKEY  INTEGER, 
       N_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
   ) 
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/nation.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_region(
       R_REGIONKEY INT, 
       R_NAME      CHAR(25),
       R_COMMENT   VARCHAR(152)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/region.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_lineitem ( 
       L_ORDERKEY      BIGINT, 
       L_PARTKEY       BIGINT, 
       L_SUPPKEY       BIGINT, 
       L_LINENUMBER    BIGINT, 
       L_QUANTITY      NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_EXTENDEDPRICE NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_DISCOUNT      NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_TAX           NUMERIC(15,2), 
       L_RETURNFLAG    CHAR(1), 
       L_LINESTATUS    CHAR(1), 
       L_SHIPDATE      DATE, 
       L_COMMITDATE    DATE, 
       L_RECEIPTDATE   DATE, 
       L_SHIPINSTRUCT  CHAR(25), 
       L_SHIPMODE      CHAR(10), 
       L_COMMENT       VARCHAR(44)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/lineitem.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_orders ( 
       O_ORDERKEY      BIGINT, 
       O_CUSTKEY       BIGINT, 
       O_ORDERSTATUS   CHAR(1) , 
       O_TOTALPRICE    NUMERIC(15,2), 
       O_ORDERDATE     DATE, 
       O_ORDERPRIORITY CHAR(15), 
       O_CLERK         CHAR(15), 
       O_SHIPPRIORITY  BIGINT, 
       O_COMMENT       VARCHAR(79)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/orders.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_part ( 
       P_PARTKEY     BIGINT, 
       P_NAME        VARCHAR(55), 
       P_MFGR        CHAR(25), 
       P_BRAND       CHAR(10), 
       P_TYPE        VARCHAR(25), 
       P_SIZE        BIGINT, 
       P_CONTAINER   CHAR(10), 
       P_RETAILPRICE NUMERIC(15,2), 
       P_COMMENT     VARCHAR(23)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/part.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_partsupp ( 
       PS_PARTKEY    BIGINT, 
       PS_SUPPKEY    BIGINT, 
       PS_AVAILQTY   BIGINT, 
       PS_SUPPLYCOST NUMERIC(15,2), 
       PS_COMMENT    VARCHAR(199)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/partsupp.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_supplier (
       S_SUPPKEY   BIGINT, 
       S_NAME      CHAR(25), 
       S_ADDRESS   VARCHAR(40), 
       S_NATIONKEY BIGINT, 
       S_PHONE     CHAR(15), 
       S_ACCTBAL   DECIMAL(15,2), 
       S_COMMENT   VARCHAR(101)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/supplier.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
       );
   
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_customer ( 
       C_CUSTKEY    BIGINT, 
       C_NAME       VARCHAR(25), 
       C_ADDRESS    VARCHAR(40), 
       C_NATIONKEY  BIGINT, 
       C_PHONE      CHAR(15), 
       C_ACCTBAL    NUMERIC(15,2), 
       C_MKTSEGMENT CHAR(10), 
       C_COMMENT    VARCHAR(117)
   )
   SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS (
       PREFIX '<Dir>/customer.tbl',
       FORMAT 'text',
       DELIMITER '|'
   );

5. 將OSS上的數據導入至TPC-H測試表中。

   --從OSS Foreign Table導入數據至測試表。
   INSERT INTO nation SELECT * FROM ext_nation;
   INSERT INTO region SELECT * FROM ext_region;
   INSERT INTO orders SELECT * FROM ext_orders;
   INSERT INTO customer SELECT * FROM ext_customer;
   INSERT INTO partsupp SELECT * FROM ext_partsupp;
   INSERT INTO part SELECT * FROM ext_part;
   INSERT INTO supplier SELECT * FROM ext_supplier;
   INSERT INTO lineitem SELECT * FROM ext_lineitem;
   
   --刪除OSS Foreign Table。
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_lineitem;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_orders;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_customer;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_part;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_partsupp;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_supplier;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_nation;
   DROP FOREIGN TABLE ext_region;

統計信息收集

執行以下命令，收集統計信息。

ANALYZE (fullscan) lineitem ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) orders   ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) customer ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) supplier ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) part     ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) partsupp ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) region   ;
ANALYZE (fullscan) nation   ;

運行測試查詢

-- Q1
SELECT
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus,
    sum(l_quantity) AS sum_qty,
    sum(l_extendedprice) AS sum_base_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) AS sum_disc_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) * (1 + l_tax)) AS sum_charge,
    avg(l_quantity) AS avg_qty,
    avg(l_extendedprice) AS avg_price,
    avg(l_discount) AS avg_disc,
    COUNT(*) AS count_order
FROM
    lineitem
WHERE
    l_shipdate <= date '1998-12-01' - interval '93 day'
GROUP BY
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus
ORDER BY
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus;
    
-- Q2
SELECT
    s_acctbal,
    s_name,
    n_name,
    p_partkey,
    p_mfgr,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    s_comment
FROM
    part,
    supplier,
    partsupp,
    nation,
    region
WHERE
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    AND s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
    AND p_size = 23
    AND p_type like '%STEEL'
    AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    AND n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    AND r_name = 'EUROPE'
    AND ps_supplycost = (
        SELECT
            min(ps_supplycost)
        FROM
            partsupp,
            supplier,
            nation,
            region
        WHERE
            p_partkey = ps_partkey
            AND s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
            AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
            AND n_regionkey = r_regionkey
            AND r_name = 'EUROPE'
    )
ORDER BY
    s_acctbal DESC,
    n_name,
    s_name,
    p_partkey
LIMIT 100;

-- Q3
SELECT
    l_orderkey,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
FROM
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem
WHERE
    c_mktsegment = 'MACHINERY'
    AND c_custkey = o_custkey
    AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    AND o_orderdate < date '1995-03-24'
    AND l_shipdate > date '1995-03-24'
GROUP BY
    l_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
ORDER BY
    revenue DESC,
    o_orderdate
LIMIT 10;

-- Q4
SELECT
    o_orderpriority,
    COUNT(*) AS order_count
FROM
    orders
WHERE
    o_orderdate >= date '1996-08-01'
    AND o_orderdate < date '1996-08-01' + interval '3' month
    AND exists (
        SELECT
            *
        FROM
            lineitem
        WHERE
            l_orderkey = o_orderkey
            AND l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
    )
GROUP BY
    o_orderpriority
ORDER BY
    o_orderpriority;
    
-- Q5
SELECT
    n_name,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
FROM
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem,
    supplier,
    nation,
    region
WHERE
    c_custkey = o_custkey
    AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    AND l_suppkey = s_suppkey
    AND c_nationkey = s_nationkey
    AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    AND n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    AND r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'
    AND o_orderdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    AND o_orderdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
GROUP BY
    n_name
ORDER BY
    revenue DESC;
    
-- Q6
SELECT
    sum(l_extendedprice * l_discount) as revenue
FROM
    lineitem
WHERE
    l_shipdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    AND l_shipdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
    AND l_discount BETWEEN 0.06 - 0.01 AND 0.06 + 0.01
    AND l_quantity < 24;
    
-- Q7
SELECT
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year,
    sum(volume) AS revenue
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            n1.n_name AS supp_nation,
            n2.n_name AS cust_nation,
            extract(year FROM l_shipdate) AS l_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) AS volume
        FROM
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            orders,
            customer,
            nation n1,
            nation n2
        WHERE
            s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND o_orderkey = l_orderkey
            AND c_custkey = o_custkey
            AND s_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
            AND c_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
            AND (
                (n1.n_name = 'JORDAN' AND n2.n_name = 'INDONESIA')
                OR (n1.n_name = 'INDONESIA' AND n2.n_name = 'JORDAN')
            )
            AND l_shipdate BETWEEN date '1995-01-01' AND date '1996-12-31'
    ) AS shipping
GROUP BY
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year
ORDER BY
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year;

-- Q8
SELECT
    o_year,
    sum(case
        when nation = 'INDONESIA' then volume
        else 0
    end) / sum(volume) as mkt_share
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            extract(year FROM o_orderdate) AS o_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) AS volume,
            n2.n_name AS nation
        FROM
            part,
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            orders,
            customer,
            nation n1,
            nation n2,
            region
        WHERE
            p_partkey = l_partkey
            AND s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
            AND o_custkey = c_custkey
            AND c_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
            AND n1.n_regionkey = r_regionkey
            AND r_name = 'ASIA'
            AND s_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
            AND o_orderdate BETWEEN date '1995-01-01' AND date '1996-12-31'
            AND p_type = 'STANDARD BRUSHED BRASS'
    ) AS all_nations
GROUP BY
    o_year
ORDER BY
    o_year;
    
-- Q9
SELECT
    nation,
    o_year,
    sum(amount) AS sum_profit
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            n_name AS nation,
            extract(year FROM o_orderdate) AS o_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) - ps_supplycost * l_quantity AS amount
        FROM
            part,
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            partsupp,
            orders,
            nation
        WHERE
            s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND ps_suppkey = l_suppkey
            AND ps_partkey = l_partkey
            AND p_partkey = l_partkey
            AND o_orderkey = l_orderkey
            AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
            AND p_name LIKE '%chartreuse%'
    ) AS profit
GROUP BY
    nation,
    o_year
ORDER BY
    nation,
    o_year DESC;
    
-- Q10
SELECT
    c_custkey,
    c_name,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
    c_acctbal,
    n_name,
    c_address,
    c_phone,
    c_comment
FROM
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem,
    nation
WHERE
    c_custkey = o_custkey
    AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    AND o_orderdate >= date '1994-08-01'
    AND o_orderdate < date '1994-08-01' + interval '3' month
    AND l_returnflag = 'R'
    AND c_nationkey = n_nationkey
GROUP BY
    c_custkey,
    c_name,
    c_acctbal,
    c_phone,
    n_name,
    c_address,
    c_comment
ORDER BY
    revenue DESC
LIMIT 20;

-- Q11
SELECT
    ps_partkey,
    sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) as value
FROM
    partsupp,
    supplier,
    nation
WHERE
    ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
    AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    AND n_name = 'INDONESIA'
GROUP BY
    ps_partkey having
        sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) > (
            SELECT
                sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) * 0.0001000000
            FROM
                partsupp,
                supplier,
                nation
            WHERE
                ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
                AND s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                AND n_name = 'INDONESIA'
        )
ORDER BY
    value DESC;

-- Q12
select
    l_shipmode,
    sum(case
        when o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT'
            or o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH'
            then 1
        else 0
    end) as high_line_count,
    sum(case
        when o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT'
            and o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH'
            then 1
        else 0
    end) as low_line_count
from
    orders,
    lineitem
where
    o_orderkey = l_orderkey
    and l_shipmode in ('REG AIR', 'TRUCK')
    and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
    and l_shipdate < l_commitdate
    and l_receiptdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    and l_receiptdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
group by
    l_shipmode
order by
    l_shipmode;
    
-- Q13
select
    c_count,
    count(*) as custdist
from
    (
        select
            c_custkey,
            count(o_orderkey)
        from
            customer left outer join orders on
                c_custkey = o_custkey
                and o_comment not like '%pending%requests%'
        group by
            c_custkey
    ) as c_orders (c_custkey, c_count)
group by
    c_count
order by
    custdist desc,
    c_count desc;
    
-- Q14
select
    100.00 * sum(case
        when p_type like 'PROMO%'
            then l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)
        else 0
    end) / sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as promo_revenue
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    l_partkey = p_partkey
    and l_shipdate >= date '1994-11-01'
    and l_shipdate < date '1994-11-01' + interval '1' month;
    
-- Q15
create view revenue0 (supplier_no, total_revenue) as
    select
        l_suppkey,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount))
    from
        lineitem
    where
        l_shipdate >= date '1997-10-01'
        and l_shipdate < date '1997-10-01' + interval '3' month
    group by
        l_suppkey;
select
    s_suppkey,
    s_name,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    total_revenue
from
    supplier,
    revenue0
where
    s_suppkey = supplier_no
    and total_revenue = (
        select
            max(total_revenue)
        from
            revenue0
    )
order by
    s_suppkey;
drop view revenue0;

-- Q16
select
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size,
    count(distinct ps_suppkey) as supplier_cnt
from
    partsupp,
    part
where
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    and p_brand <> 'Brand#44'
    and p_type not like 'SMALL BURNISHED%'
    and p_size in (36, 27, 34, 45, 11, 6, 25, 16)
    and ps_suppkey not in (
        select
            s_suppkey
        from
            supplier
        where
            s_comment like '%Customer%Complaints%'
    )
group by
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size
order by
    supplier_cnt desc,
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size;

-- Q17
select
    sum(l_extendedprice) / 7.0 as avg_yearly
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    p_partkey = l_partkey
    and p_brand = 'Brand#42'
    and p_container = 'JUMBO PACK'
    and l_quantity < (
        select
            0.2 * avg(l_quantity)
        from
            lineitem
        where
            l_partkey = p_partkey
    );
    
-- Q18
select
    c_name,
    c_custkey,
    o_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_totalprice,
    sum(l_quantity)
from
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem
where
    o_orderkey in (
        select
            l_orderkey
        from
            lineitem
        group by
            l_orderkey having
                sum(l_quantity) > 312
    )
    and c_custkey = o_custkey
    and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
group by
    c_name,
    c_custkey,
    o_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_totalprice
order by
    o_totalprice desc,
    o_orderdate
limit 100;

-- Q19
select
    sum(l_extendedprice* (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#43'
        and p_container in ('SM CASE', 'SM BOX', 'SM PACK', 'SM PKG')
        and l_quantity >= 5 and l_quantity <= 5 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 5
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    )
    or
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#45'
        and p_container in ('MED BAG', 'MED BOX', 'MED PKG', 'MED PACK')
        and l_quantity >= 12 and l_quantity <= 12 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 10
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    )
    or
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#11'
        and p_container in ('LG CASE', 'LG BOX', 'LG PACK', 'LG PKG')
        and l_quantity >= 24 and l_quantity <= 24 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 15
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    );

-- Q20
select
    s_name,
    s_address
from
    supplier,
    nation
where
    s_suppkey in (
        select
            ps_suppkey
        from
            partsupp
        where
            ps_partkey in (
                select
                    p_partkey
                from
                    part
                where
                    p_name like 'magenta%'
            )
            and ps_availqty > (
                select
                    0.5 * sum(l_quantity)
                from
                    lineitem
                where
                    l_partkey = ps_partkey
                    and l_suppkey = ps_suppkey
                    and l_shipdate >= date '1996-01-01'
                    and l_shipdate < date '1996-01-01' + interval '1' year
            )
    )
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_name = 'RUSSIA'
order by
    s_name;

-- Q21
select
    s_name,
    count(*) as numwait
from
    supplier,
    lineitem l1,
    orders,
    nation
where
    s_suppkey = l1.l_suppkey
    and o_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
    and o_orderstatus = 'F'
    and l1.l_receiptdate > l1.l_commitdate
    and exists (
        select
            *
        from
            lineitem l2
        where
            l2.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
            and l2.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
    )
    and not exists (
        select
            *
        from
            lineitem l3
        where
            l3.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
            and l3.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
            and l3.l_receiptdate > l3.l_commitdate
    )
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_name = 'MOZAMBIQUE'
group by
    s_name
order by
    numwait desc,
    s_name
limit 100;

-- Q22
select
        cntrycode,
        count(*) as numcust,
        sum(c_acctbal) as totacctbal
from
        (
            select
                substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) as cntrycode,
                c_acctbal
            from
                customer
            where
                substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
                and c_acctbal > (
                    select
                        avg(c_acctbal)
                    from
                        customer
                    where
                        c_acctbal > 0.00
                        and substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
                )
                and not exists (
                    select
                        *
                    from
                        orders
                    where
                        o_custkey = c_custkey
                )
        ) as custsale
group by
        cntrycode
order by
        cntrycode;