背景信息

使用數據傳輸執行源端 PostgreSQL 數據庫增量同步時，默認僅支持 DML 語句（包括 INSERT、DELETE和 UPDATE）的同步。但如果源端發生了 DDL 變更（例如新增表字段），而數據傳輸無法獲取新的結構信息，將導致后續和該對象相關的 DML 同步失敗，造成任務中斷的問題。所以，您需要先在源端 PostgreSQL 數據庫創建 DDL 記錄表和觸發器來捕獲 DDL 信息，以確保 DML 的正常同步。

使用限制

源端 PostgreSQL 數據庫必須為 V10.x 及以上版本。

操作步驟

1. 登錄源端數據庫后，切換至待遷移數據庫。

   以 PSQL 工具為例，通過執行命令 \c <數據庫名稱>，切換至待遷移數據庫。

2. 創建下述兩張表，用于記錄 DDL 事件變更。

   • 非 DROP DDL 事件信息表

     ----postgreSQL DDL EVENT TABLE---- 
     
         CREATE TABLE public.oms_non_dropped_ddl_command (
         id bigserial primary key,
         ddl_text text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         tag text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         database character varying COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         schema character varying COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         object_type character varying COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         objid integer,
         top_objid integer,
         object_identity text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         top_object_identity text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         top_schema text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         all_children_table text COLLATE pg_catalog."default"
         );
         ALTER TABLE public.oms_non_dropped_ddl_command REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;

   • DROP DDL 事件信息表

     ----postgreSQL DROP DDL EVENT TABLE----
     
         CREATE TABLE public.oms_dropped_ddl_command
         (
         id bigserial primary key,
         ddl_text text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         tag text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         database character varying COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         schema character varying COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         objid integer,
         object_type text COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
         object_name text COLLATE pg_catalog."default"
         );
         ALTER TABLE public.oms_dropped_ddl_command REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;

3. 創建下述兩種事件觸發器函數。

   • 非 DROP DDL 事件觸發器函數

       CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.oms_capture_ddl_for_non_dropped()
         RETURNS event_trigger
         LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'
         COST 100
         VOLATILE NOT LEAKPROOF SECURITY DEFINER
         AS $BODY$
         DECLARE ddl_text text;
         DECLARE record_object record;
         DECLARE obj record;
         DECLARE top_objid integer;
         DECLARE parent_oid integer;
         DECLARE top_object_identity text; 
         DECLARE top_schema text;
         DECLARE all_children_table text;
     
         BEGIN
         SELECT current_query() INTO ddl_text;
         FOR obj IN (SELECT * FROM pg_event_trigger_ddl_commands() WHERE TG_TAG IN ('CREATE TABLE', 'ALTER TABLE','CREATE INDEX','CREATE SCHEMA')) LOOP
     	   record_object:=obj;
     	   SELECT inhparent FROM pg_inherits WHERE inhrelid = obj.objid
     	   AND inhparent::regclass::text NOT LIKE 'pg_%' ORDER BY inhseqno DESC LIMIT 1 INTO parent_oid;
            WHILE parent_oid IS NOT NULL LOOP
             SELECT inhparent
             FROM pg_inherits
             WHERE inhrelid = parent_oid
             AND inhparent::regclass::text NOT LIKE 'pg_%'
             ORDER BY inhseqno DESC
             LIMIT 1
             INTO top_objid;
     
             IF top_objid IS NULL THEN
                 top_objid := parent_oid;
                exit;
             END IF;
             parent_oid := top_objid;
         END LOOP;
         IF top_objid IS NULL THEN
         top_objid :=record_object.objid;
         ELSE
         END IF;
         IF regexp_matches(ddl_text, 'ALTER\s+TABLE\s+.+\s+RENAME\s+TO\s+.+', 'i') IS NOT NULL THEN
         WITH RECURSIVE child_tables AS (
         SELECT oid AS table_objid
         FROM pg_class
         WHERE oid = top_objid
         UNION
             SELECT c.oid AS table_objid
         FROM pg_class c
         JOIN pg_inherits i ON c.oid = i.inhrelid
         JOIN child_tables ct ON i.inhparent = ct.table_objid
         )
         SELECT string_agg(table_objid::text, ', ') INTO all_children_table FROM child_tables WHERE table_objid <> top_objid;
         ELSE
         END IF;
         SELECT pn.nspname, ss.relname INTO obj from pg_catalog.pg_class ss JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace pn ON ss.relnamespace = pn.oid WHERE ss.oid = top_objid;
         top_object_identity:=obj.relname;
         top_schema:=obj.nspname;
         IF TG_TAG ='CREATE TABLE' AND record_object.object_type='table' THEN
         EXECUTE 'ALTER TABLE ' || record_object.object_identity || ' REPLICA IDENTITY FULL';
         ELSE
         END IF;
         INSERT INTO public.oms_non_dropped_ddl_command(id,ddl_text,tag,database,schema,object_type, objid, top_objid, object_identity,top_object_identity,top_schema,all_children_table)
         VALUES (default,ddl_text, TG_TAG,current_database(),current_schema,record_object.object_type, record_object.objid, top_objid ,record_object.object_identity,top_object_identity,top_schema,all_children_table);
         END LOOP;
         EXCEPTION 
         WHEN OTHERS THEN
             RAISE LOG 'OMS ddl trriger error during command process: %', SQLERRM;
         END
         $BODY$;

   • DROP DDL 事件觸發器函數

         CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.oms_capture_ddl_for_dropped()
         RETURNS event_trigger
         LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'
         COST 100
         VOLATILE NOT LEAKPROOF SECURITY DEFINER
         AS $BODY$
         DECLARE ddl_text text;
         DECLARE record_object record;
         BEGIN
         SELECT current_query() INTO ddl_text;
         FOR record_object in (select * from pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects() WHERE TG_TAG NOT IN ('ALTER TABLE','DROP PUBLICATION','ALTER PUBLICATION')) LOOP
         IF record_object.object_type = 'type' THEN
         ELSE
         INSERT INTO public.oms_dropped_ddl_command(id,ddl_text,tag,database,schema, objid, object_type, object_name)
         VALUES (default,ddl_text, TG_TAG,current_database(),current_schema, record_object.objid, record_object.object_type, record_object.object_name);
         END IF;
         END LOOP;
         EXCEPTION
         WHEN OTHERS THEN
         RAISE LOG 'OMS drop ddl trriger error during command process: %', SQLERRM;
         END
         $BODY$;

4. 將創建函數的所有者修改為數據傳輸連接源端數據庫的賬號。此處以 postgres 為例：

   ALTER FUNCTION public.oms_capture_ddl_for_non_dropped()
       OWNER TO postgres;
       ALTER FUNCTION public.oms_capture_ddl_for_dropped()
       OWNER TO postgres;

5. 執行下述命令，創建全局事件觸發器。

       CREATE EVENT TRIGGER oms_capture_ddl_for_non_dropped
       ON ddl_command_end
       WHEN TAG IN ('CREATE TABLE', 'ALTER TABLE','CREATE INDEX','CREATE SCHEMA')
       EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.oms_capture_ddl_for_non_dropped();
   
       CREATE EVENT TRIGGER oms_capture_ddl_for_dropped ON sql_drop EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.oms_capture_ddl_for_dropped();

后續操作

釋放數據遷移任務后，您需要登錄源端數據庫，執行下述命令刪除觸發器函數和對應表。

drop EVENT trigger oms_capture_ddl_for_dropped;
drop EVENT trigger oms_capture_ddl_for_non_dropped;
drop function public.oms_capture_ddl_for_non_dropped();
drop function public.oms_capture_ddl_for_dropped();
drop table public.oms_non_dropped_ddl_command;
drop table public.oms_dropped_ddl_command;